Dr. Shiwach successfully defended a tort claim against him after his insurer denied coverage, and then won a lawsuit against his carrier about its duty to defend. The Fifth Court affirmed, noting as to the key policy exclusion: “Shiwach’s potential liability could rest on the rape allegation, for which no coverage exists, or the covered allegations that Shiwach—as an individual, physician, employee, and manager of HT and UHS—(1) failed to take actions to correct problems with suicides and over drugging of patients, (2) failed to provide adequate security measures and staffing, (3) negligently hired and retained employees, or (4) improperly admitted and failed to discharge patients.”

The Fifth Court found coverage, noting the importance of often-overlooked language about inclusion of other allegations in particular claims. It noted that the underlying petition “did not clearly allege whether any one act or omission caused or arose out of any other, nor did it provide any connection between the potentially covered allegations and the rape. It did not limit the potentially covered allegations in paragraphs 12 and 13 to factual conditions which purportedly created the opportunity for the rape, and it did not limit the entities’ liability (including Shiwach’s liability as an employee or manager of HT and UHS) to the rape. And although Broderick sought her ‘legal damages for the rape,’ the petition did not limit Broderick’s damages to the rape in paragraph 15, the prayer for relief. Moreover, the petition expressly alleged each ‘action or inaction’ described was a ‘proximate or producing cause’ of Broderick’s damages.” AIX Specialty Ins. Co. v. Shiwach, No. 05-18-01050-CV (Dec. 18, 2019) (mem. op.)

A counterclaim defendant sought recovery of attorneys’ fees under the relevant lease agreements, leading the Fifth Court to review and apply the current Texas Supreme Court precedents on that subject:

1. One set of leases had the following fee provisions:

29.1 Attorney Fees. If this lease is placed in the hands of any attorney due to a default in the payment or performance of any of its terms, the defaulting party shall pay, immediately upon demand, the other party’s reasonable attorney fees, collection costs, costs of litigation, even though no suit or action is filed thereon, and any other fees or expenses incurred by the nondefaulting party.

29.2 Types of Fees. For purposes of this Lease the term attorney fees includes all

charges of the prevailing party’s attorneys and their staff (including without limitation legal assistants, paralegals, word processing, and other support personnel) and any post-petition fees in a bankruptcy court. . . .

The Court reasoned: “Under the broad language of [these] Leases, we agree, as the court did in Rohrmoos, that appellee was not just a plaintiff; he also successfully defended against appellants’ breach of contract counterclaim that sought unpaid lease payments and repair costs for damages to the premises,” and was thus entitled to fees as a “prevailing party” .

2. The second set of leases had this fee provision:

30. Attorneys’ Fees. In the event either party shall fail to comply with any of the covenants, conditions, obligations, rules, or regulations imposed by this Texas Commercial Lease or the laws of the state of Texas, and suit is brought for damages or enforcement, the losing party shall pay to the prevailing party reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses incurred in prosecuting these suits.

“Here, the lease specifically requires that the attorneys’ fees be incurred by the
‘prevailing party’ in ‘prosecuting these suits.’ ‘Prosecute’ means ‘to institute legal proceedings against’ or ‘to institute and carry on a legal suit or prosecution: sue.'” Accordingly, the clause did not reach the counter-defendant’s claim, and recovery of fees was prohibited by Intercontinental Group v. KB Home, 295 S.W.3d 650 (Tex. 2009). Desio v. Del Bosque, No. 05-19-00224-CV (Dec. 19, 2019) (mem. op.)

(This is a cross-post from 600Hemphill, our firm’s brand-new blog about the Texas Supreme Court.)

The “Lehmann problem” – the question of when a judgment is truly final (and thus starts the appeal deadline) is a perennial challenge in Texas cases involving multiple parties and issues. The problem has drawn particular attention recently in recent months in family-law cases, where judges often prepare a letter or memo summarizing key rulings. Reversing a Dallas case that found such an instrument to be a final judgment, the Texas Supreme Court held: “[A]n order lacking the unmistakable language of finality—that it resolves all claims between and among all parties and is final and appealable—is ambiguous in a suit under the Family Code when the order does not comport with the statute governing final orders and is otherwise inconclusive as to its intent. If a judicial decree’s finality is ambiguous, a reviewing court should examine the record to determine the trial court’s intent.” In the Interest of R.R.K., No. 18-0273 (Dec. 13, 2019). The opinion also reviews the general contours of the test for judgment finality in Texas.

161 days after a “dwop” dismissal, the plaintiff learned of that order by reviewing the court website, and successfully sought reinstatement. In re Mart, No. 05-19-01355-CV (Dec. 9, 2019) (mem. op.) Tex. R. Civ. P. 306a, however, only extends the trial court’s plenary power if notice is acquired within 90 days of judgment. Observing that “the cases real party cites demonstrate she had potential avenues to obtain reinstatement of the case other than a Rule 306a(4) motion and motion to reinstate, including a restricted appeal and a bill of review,” the Fifth Court granted mandamus relief because the trial court’s reinstatement order was void.

Not without meeting a demanding standard: “Texas uses a functional approach in determining whether a person is entitled to absolute derived judicial immunity. Under this approach, we must ‘determine whether the activities of the person seeking immunity are intimately associated with the judicial process and whether the person exercised discretionary judgment comparable to a judge, as opposed to ministerial or administrative tasks.’ In other words, ‘[i]f an action involves personal deliberation, decision or judgment, it is discretionary; actions requiring obedience to orders or the performance of a duty to which the actor has no choice are ministerial.'” (citations omitted, emphasis added).  In Manning v. Jones, the Fifth Court found a receiver immune from suit for actions taken in connection with a property transactionn that she had been appointed to handle. No. 05-18-01140-CV (Dec. 4, 2019) (mem. op.)

The Fifth Court conditionally granted mandamus relief as to an order quashing a postjudgment deposition, observing: “[T]rial courts have discretion to control the nature and form of discovery, but that discretion is not unlimited. ‘A trial court abuses its discretion by limiting discovery in the absence of some evidence supporting the request for a protective order.’ In this case, counsel for [movant] presented arguments at the hearing on the motion to quash but did not present evidence in support of the motion. [Movant’s] motion was unverified;the transcript from the April 3, 2019 hearing on the motion to dissolve was not made a part of the record at the hearing on the motion to quash; nor did her counsel request the trial court to judicially notice the evidence from the prior hearing. Because no evidence was presented in support of [Movant’s] motion, we conclude the trial court abused its discretion in granting the motion to quash and motion for protective order.” In re Mustang Asset Recovery Ltd., No. 05-19-01036-CV (Dec. 6, 2019) (mem. op.) (emphasis added, citations omitted).

In an unusually nutty case, the parties’ arbitration clause provided:

All disputes, claims, or controversies arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the breach thereof, except as to the quality of the product delivered, shall be settled solely by arbitration held in Dallas, Texas, in accordance with the rules then obtaining of the American Arbitration Association, and judgment upon any award may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof.

(emphasis added). The plaintiff’s allegations “[a]ll . . . concern whether the pecan pieces San Saba sold contained pecan weevil larvae so that they were not merchantable and were unfit for human consumption” – in other words, claims about “the quality of the produce delivered” within the meaning of the above carveout. The Fifth Court thus affirmed the trial court’s denial of a motion to compel arbitration. San Saba Pecan LP v. Give & Go Prepared Foods Corp., No. 05-19-00214-CV (Dec. 6, 2019) (mem. op.)

Faced with a lack of appellate jurisdiction because of a nonfinal order, a party suggested abatement to cure the problem rather than dismissal. The Fifth Court rejected that request: “In so doing, we note nothing in the record reflects determination of the counterclaims will be perfunctory.  Nor does the record reflect a determination is imminent. No trial date has been set, and the record reflects December 20, 2019 is the date set for a hearing on appellant’s motion to set a trial date.” Dixon v. Principal Management Group, Inc., No. 05-19-00895-CV (Dec. 3, 2019) (mem. op.) (citations omitted).

The current state of play about the TCPA in the Fifth Court is well-illustrated by Rouzier v. BioTE Medical, LLC, No. 05-19-00277-CV (Nov. 22, 2019) (mem. op.) (applying, inter alia, Forget About It, Inc. v. BoiTE Medical, LLC, No. 05-18-01290-CV, 2019 WL 3798180 (Tex. App.—Dallas Aug. 13, 2019, pet. filed). It addresses the application of the TCPA’s protection of speech and association rights to business-related communications in the healthcare industry, as well as the application of the commercial-speech exemption in that setting.

Good news, Charles timely appealed the default judgment against her. “Charles filed her notice of appeal fourteen days after the trial court entered judgment.”

Bad news, nothing to appeal: “Because Charles did not file a motion for new trial, she did not introduce any evidence extrinsic to the record to support her satisfaction of any of the Craddock factors. Consequently, we hold that Charles has waived appellate review of her complaint that the trial court’s default judgment should be set aside.” Charles v. Crown Asset Management LLC, No. 05-18-01139-CV (Nov. 26, 2019) (mem. op.).