Justice Pedersen‘s first appearance in this blog provides a succinct reminder about a basic principle of foreclosure litigation: “[A] foreclosure sale may be set aside if the creditor fails to provide the notice required by statute. However, any challenge to the sale of property under a deed of trust must be brought in a separate suit in which title issues can be determined, not in an action for forcible detainer.” Smith v. Deutsche Bank, No. 05-17-01022-CV (Jan. 16, 2019) (mem. op.)
A common claim in mortgage-foreclosure litigation is that, during negotiations between the servicer/lender and the borrower, the lender abandons the acceleration of the underlying loan obligation. The issue is often litigated because of its effect on limitations – abandonment means that the foreclosure process can begin anew; otherwise, the limitations clock runs from the initial acceleration. The 2008 financial crisis produced a lengthy series of Fifth Circuit cases on the issue, as well as a large body of state case law, the substantial majority of which found abandonment and thus no limitations bar to foreclosure. Pitts v. Bank of New York is to the contrary, observing:
“But the statements and notices contained no language similar to that in [Boren v. U.S. Nat’l Bank, 807 F.3d 99 (5th Cir. 2015)], and the cases following Boren stating that if Castle Mortgage did not pay the amount demanded, then the loan would be accelerated. Language stating that the loan would be accelerated is inconsistent with an earlier notice of acceleration and clearly establishes the noteholder’s abandonment of the earlier acceleration because, if the noteholder intended to rely on the earlier notice of acceleration, it would not state that acceleration could occur in the future. Without that language, the monthly statements and delinquency notices in this case lack one of the two bases for the Fifth Circuit’s conclusion in Boren that the notices to the borrower conclusively established the noteholder’s abandonment of an earlier acceleration.”
No. 05-17-00859-CV (Oct. 12, 2018).
Property located in Louisiana was foreclosed upon in Orleans Parish. Subsequent litigation in Texas about the appropriate credit for that sale was not filed in the right place, waiving that issue: “[Texas Property Code] Section 51.004 . . . provides that any person obligated on the debt, including a guarantor, may bring an action in the district court in the county in which the real property is located for a determination of the fair market value of the real property as of the date of the foreclosure sale.” State Bank v. Granbury Hospitality, No. 05-14-01306-CV (Nov. 20, 2015, mem. op.) (emphasis added).
In early 2012, the Dallas Court of Appeals reversed a temporary injunction that would have prevented BB&T from foreclosing on a pair of properties secured by a $10 million promissory note. Two and a half years later, matters have not improved for the borrowers, as the Court has now affirmed summary judgment for the bank.
In responding to the no-evidence summary judgment motion, the borrowers had “relied entirely on evidence presented at the temporary judgment hearing” to show that they had a valid contract with BB&T that superseded the bank’s right to foreclose. Because the Court had previously held that this evidence amounted to nothing more than an unenforceable “agreement to agree,” the law of the case doctrine prevented the outcome from being any different in this subsequent appeal. The same evidence was also held to be insufficient to support the borrowers’ claims for fraud and declaratory judgment, while a money had and received claim failed because the borrowers had made a $1.8 million payment with full knowledge of the facts and without fraud or duress. Finally, the trial court had not abused its discretion by striking the borrowers’ fifth amended petition because it had been filed outside the deadline in the court’s scheduling order, was not filed with leave of court, and was prejudicial to the bank because it sought to add a claim that “would effectively inject new substantive matters into the litigation by reinjecting old ones.”
TCI Luna Ventures, LLC v. Branch Banking & Tr. Co., No. 05-13-01221-CV
Homeowner Sheila Larry failed to pay her HOA fees. Eventually, the HOA took legal action to collect the unpaid dues. Like most HOA fees, they were secured by a contractual lien on Ms. Larry’s property. The HOA successfully moved for summary judgment, but the trial court refused to order foreclosure of the lien, and the HOA appealed.
Reversing the trial court, the Dallas Court of Appeals reasoned that the “purchase of property within a deed restricted subdivision carries with it the obligation to pay association fees,” and “the remedy of foreclosure is an inherent characteristic of that property right” — even if it may seem harsh.
Two years ago, the Dallas Court of Appeals ruled that PlainsCapital Bank was not entitled to judgment against a borrower because it based its deficiency claim on the price it obtained when the property was sold a year after foreclosure, rather than the fair market value of the property at the time it was foreclosed. Last summer, the Texas Supreme Court granted the bank’s petition for review and set the case for oral argument. This morning, the Supreme Court held that the Court of Appeals was correct in ruling that § 51.003 of the Texas Property Code controlled PlainsCapital’s deficiency claim. However, the Court also ruled that “fair market value” under the deficiency statute does not mean the price that a willing buyer would pay to a willing seller at the time of foreclosure. Because § 51.003(b)(5) permits the trier of fact to consider the forward-looking factor of discounts that may be applied to a future sales price, it was proper for the trial court to base its fair market value finding on the price the bank actually received in its post-foreclosure sale. The Supreme Court remanded to the Court of Appeals for consideration of additional issues.
Justice Boyd (joined by Justice Guzman) dissented, arguing that the majority had improperly cast aside the historical definition of fair market value, and that evidence of any future discounts in the sale price of the property was only relevant to consideration of the fair market value at the time of the foreclosure.
TLDR: To determine FMV at the time of foreclosure, you can look to values received in the future.
Homeowners Nader and Fariba Daryapayma purchased a $1.5 million house and financed $735,000 of the purchase price with two loans secured by liens on the home. Shortly thereafter, the Daryapaymas applied for and obtained a home equity loan from Countrywide for $937,500, the purpose of which was to pay off their current mortgage (i.e. the existing $735k loans). Countrywide funded the home equity loan and the Daryapaymas used the proceeds to pay off the first two loans.
A few years later, the Daryapaymas defaulted on the home equity loan. Bank of New York Mellon (BONY), as the assignee of the loan, foreclosed on the Daryapaymas property and then filed a petition for forcible detainer. The Daryapaymas counterclaimed, contending that the home equity loan violated the Texas Constitution, which limits the amount of home equity loans, when combined with existing mortgages, to 80% of a home’s fair market value. The Daryapaymas argued that because the $937k home equity loan combined with their outstanding $735k mortgages exceeded 80% of the home’s value, the foreclosure was unenforceable. The trial court agreed and granted the Daryapaymas summary judgment.
The Dallas Court of Appeals reversed, holding that because the loan documents reflected that the $937k home equity loan was made, in large part, to pay off the existing mortgages, the trial court erred in including the balance of those loans in its calculation of the total amount of indebtedness.
The Texas Supreme Court has unanimously affirmed the judgment of the Dallas Court of Appeals on petition for review from the case of Interstate 35/Chisam Road L.P. v. Moayedi. As regular readers will recall, Moayedi was the first of a string of cases from Dallas holding that borrowers and guarantors had contractually waived their statutory right to offset any deficiency if the foreclosure sale resulted in a price less than the collateral’s fair market value. Justice Willett, writing for the Supreme Court, agreed with that analysis, holding that section 51.003 of the Texas Property Code creates an affirmative defense that the borrower or guarantor can validly waive through a general waiver of defenses in the lending instruments. Unless the Legislature decides to step in, businesses and individuals can expect to see such waiver clauses become standard practice in property financing transactions.
Moayedi v. Interstate 35 Chisam Road LP, No. 12-0937
The Dallas Court of Appeals continues to be a hard place for borrowers and guarantors to claim the statutory right to offset deficiencies when collateral is sold in foreclosure for less than its fair market value. In this instance, the bank sued the guarantor of a $9.5 million loan. After the apartment complex that secured the debt was sold in foreclosure for only $4 million, the bank sought to recover the deficiency. The guarantor argued that the bank should only be permitted to recover the difference between the balance of the loan and the fair market value of the property, not the price realized in the foreclosure sale. See Tex. Prop. Code § 51.003(c). The trial court granted summary judgment for the bank, and the Court of Appeals affirmed. Although the opinion does not cite to the Moayedi case that started off this line of decisions (and that is currently pending before the Texas Supreme Court after oral argument in January), the Court once again held that the parties’ contract validly waived the guarantor’s right to offset. In this particular agreement, the waiver clause referred to “any and all rights or defenses based on suretyship or impairment of collateral” and “any claim of setoff.” Both clauses, the Court held, were sufficient to waive the statutory offset rights.
Nussbaum v. OneWest Bank, FSB, No. 05-13-00081-CV
The Court of Appeals has affirmed summary judgment for the lenders in a foreclosure dispute. Anil and Sheela Das sued Deutsche Bank and others to prevent them from foreclosing on their home. The Dases claimed that DB was not an owner or holder of the note. However, an affidavit from an analyst of the loan servicing company established that the note had been transferred to DB, and that the servicer maintained the original of the note on behalf of DB. Copies of the original instruments were also attached to the affidavit, and that uncontradicted evidence was enough for the Court of Appeals to determine that Deutsche Bank had met its summary judgment burden on the issue. The Court also rejected the borrowers’ argument that the bank was judicially estopped from relying on that copy of the note, as its use of an earlier, unendorsed copy of the note during prior bankruptcy proceedings was not clearly inconsistent with a later copy that included the subsequent endorsement.
Das v. Deutsche Bank Nat’l Trust Co., No. 05-12-01612-CV
HSBC Bank foreclosed on a residential property in Cedar Hill, but failed to pay assessments on the property to the local homeowners association. The HOA foreclosed on its assessment lien, and the property was purchased out of foreclosure by Khyber Holdings, LLC. HSBC sought to redeem the property as permitted by § 209.011 of the Texas Property Code. However, when the bank’s attorney sent the required notice to Khyber, the letter incorrectly identified Countrywide Home Loans as the owner seeking to redeem the home. The attorney testified that the error had occurred because he represented the servicer for both HSBC and Countrywide, and that Khyber had purchased lots owned by both lenders during the same foreclosure sale. HSBC sued for a declaratory judgment that it was entitled to redeem the property. When Khyber responded with a letter that stated the redemption price would be $80,000, the attorney responded with an $80,000 check and a letter that once again named Countrywide as the owner, although the redemption deed correctly identified HSBC as the grantee of the redemption sale. Khyber refused to allow redemption, the case proceeded to trial, and the jury returned a verdict in favor of HSBC. The Court of Appeals affirmed, concluding that only substantial compliance is required to fulfill the notice requirements of § 209.011, and that the series of back-and-forth exchanges between the parties was sufficient proof that the notice requirements had been fulfilled. The Court also affirmed the jury’s award of damages for trespass, concluding that HSBC was entitled to recover for lost rents during the period of time the property was improperly retained by Khyber.
Khyber Holdings, LLC v. HSBC Bank USA, N.A., No. 05-12-01212-CV
One of the legacies of Texas consumer protection laws was Article XVI, Section 50 of the Texas Constitution, which effectively prohibited home equity lending. In 1997, voters approved amendments to that section to permit home equity loans, but only under certain conditions. Among other restrictions, the loan cannot exceed 80% of the value of the equity in the home, and the lender must cure any violation of the constitutional requirements within 60 days of the date the borrower gives notice. If those requirements are not met, the lender forfeits all principal and interest and loses its lien on the property.
Lonzie Leath obtained a $340,000 home equity loan in 2005, and signed an acknowledgment that his home’s fair market value was $425,000. In 2008, the servicer sought to foreclose on the property, and Leath responded by alleging that the loan was illegal because it had actually exceeded 80% of the value of the home at the time it was made. The jury found that the property’s fair market value had been only $421,400, a finding that placed the principal of the loan barely over the 80% limit. The trial court therefore entered judgment forfeiting the principal and interest and invalidating the lender’s lien.
Although the servicer claimed that Leath had failed to provide notice of the alleged constitutional deficiency, the Court of Appeals agreed with Leath that his pleadings had given notice and started the clock on the lender’s 60-day cure period. The Court also held that the jury’s valuation finding was adequately supported by the evidence, including the admission of the servicer’s appraisal expert that he had not accounted for $3,600 of electrical work that needed to be performed at the time of the loan. The Court of Appeals therefore affirmed the judgment in favor of the borrower, leaving the lender without principal, interest, or the right to foreclose.
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Leath, No. 05-11-01425
In 2007, LG Auto Laundry sold a .8-acre tract to Shammy Man Auto Wash, with Shammy Man purchasing the land by means of a mortgage from Millennium State Bank. At the same time, LG and Shammy signed a ground lease permitting LG to possess .06 acres of the property containing a cell phone tower. LG and Millennium signed a Subordination, Non-Disturbance and Attornment Agreement (SNDA) providing that, in the event of foreclosure, LG’s possession of the leased property would not be disturbed. Shammy defaulted, but before Millennium could foreclose, the FDIC took over Millennium and transferred the assets to the State Bank of Texas. The plaintiff purchased the property from the State Bank of Texas and filed this lawsuit to establish that the foreclosure extinguished LG’s ground lease.
Although a valid foreclosure on a lien terminates leases, here the ground lease specifically stated that it was subordinate to Millennium’s deed, but the SNDA provided that LG’s possession would survive the foreclosure. However, because the FDIC took over Millennium, federal law prohibited LG from enforcing the SNDA. As a result, the Court found that the plaintiff acquired the land free and clear of LG’s lease.
After Brown missed at least twenty-five mortgage payments, the Bank sent Brown notice of default and he failed to cure. The Bank sought a declaratory judgment authorizing a non-judicial foreclosure sale of the property, and obtained summary judgment. Brown appealed, and the Court affirmed. First, the Court found that Brown’s attacks on the admissibility or competency of the Bank’s summary judgment evidence were largely inadequately briefed. Second, the Court rejected Brown’s argument that the trial judge erred by denying Brown a continuance of the summary judgment hearing because (1) Brown’s motion for continuance did not mention the summary-judgment hearing, (2) Brown failed to preserve error because there was no ruling on his motion, and (3) Brown failed to submit evidence demonstrating the materiality of the purportedly previously unavailable summary-judgment evidence. Finally, the Court held that Brown failed to show reversible error due to the clerk’s late filing of the record on appeal.
Readers of the blog will probably be familiar with our “Waive Goodbye” series of posts on the Dallas Court of Appeals’ recent line of cases holding that borrowers and guarantors can contractually waive their statutory right to offset any deficiency if foreclosed property is sold for less than its fair market value. The Texas Supreme Court has now granted the petition for review in the first of those cases, Interstate 35/Chisam Road L.P. v. Moayedi, 377 S.W.3d 791 (Tex. App.–Dallas 2012, pet. granted). Oral argument has been set for January 8, and we will continue to keep our eyes on the issue.
The Court of Appeals has once again ruled that a contractual waiver prevents a guarantor from invoking its statutory right to offset if the foreclosed property was sold for less than its fair market value. This is the seventh time the Court has made that ruling in a little over a year, dating back to August 2012 in the case of Interstate 35/Chisam Road, L.P. v. Moayedi, and as recently as August 2013 in Compass Bank v. Manchester Platinum Mgmt. In this particular instance, the parties actually stipulated that the two homes at issue had fair market values in excess of the amounts owed under the promissory notes, even though they were sold for $582,623.07 less than those stipulated values. The Court further held that the broad waiver of “any statute or limitations or other defenses affecting [the guarantor’s] liability hereunder” was sufficiently specific to include a waiver of the offset defense provided by section 53.001 of the Texas Property Code. The Court therefore reversed the trial court and rendered judgment for the deficiency in favor of the lender.
Given the importance of this recurring issue to borrowers, lenders, and guarantors, it would not be surprising to see the Texas Supreme Court weigh in. The petition for review in the Moayedi case has proceeded to briefing on the merits.
Compass Bank v. Goodman, No. 05-13-00447-CV
Cleveland Partners, L.P. took out a $520,000 loan from Live Oak State Bank to finance the purchase of an apartment building. The loan was personally guaranteed by the defendant in this case, Josiah Cleveland. The guaranty included a waiver of virtually all of the borrower’s defenses on the debt, including “any setoff available” against the lender. The borrower defaulted, and the bank purchased the property for $415,000 at the resulting foreclosure sale. The bank then sued the guarantor for the deficiency, with the guarantor arguing that the property sold for less than its fair market value. The trial court granted summary judgment for the bank.
On appeal, the guarantor argued that the waiver was “massively overbroad . . . unconscionable and unenforceable.” That issue was easily dispatched, with the court citing three of its four recent opinions holding that borrowers can validly waive their right to claim offset under Chapter 51 of the Texas Property Code. See Interstate 35/Chisam Road, L.P. v. Moayedi, 377 S.W.3d 791 (Tex. App.-Dallas 2012, pet. filed); King v. Park Cities Bank, 2012 WL 3144881 (Tex. App.-Dallas 2012, no pet.); Toor v. PNC Bank, N.A., 2012 WL 3637284 (Tex. App.-Dallas 2012, no pet.); see also Smith v. Town North Bank, 2012 WL 5499406 (Tex. App.-Dallas 2012, pet. denied). Bound by those precedents, the court concluded that Cleveland had validly waived his right to offset the difference between the foreclosure price and the fair market value of the property, rendering irrelevant his claim that he had raised a fact issue as to the property’s fair market value.
Perhaps notably, the petition for review in the Moayedi decision has already drawn some amicus support. If there are any further developments in this area, we’ll keep you updated.
Cleveland v. Live Oak State Bank, No. 05-11-00665-CV
In February, the court of appeals reversed a district court’s temporary injunction prohibiting a lender from foreclosing on the borrower’s properties, concluding that the testimony only established an agreement to negotiate, not an enforceable agreement to forebear from foreclosure. The court has now issued an updated opinion in that case that clarifies the standard of review. In the original opinion, the court wrote that “the trial court abuses its discretion when it misapplies the law to established facts or when the evidence does not reasonably support the trial court’s determination of the existence of a probable injury or a probable right of recovery.” In the revised opinion, the court states that an abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court “misapplies the law to established facts or when there is no evidence that supports the trial court’s determination of the existence of a probable injury or a probable right of recovery.” The difference between those two standards yielded no difference in the outcome of the case, but anyone appealing a temporary injunction should be sure to cite the correct standard of review.
Branch Banking & Trust Co. v. TCI Luna Ventures, LLC, No. 05-12-00653-CV
The court reversed a trial court’s judgment in favor of PlainsCapital Bank for damages and attorney’s fees resulting from Martin’s loan default based on Chapter 51 of the Property Code. In 2008 Martin defaulted and the Bank foreclosed upon and purchased the underlying property at auction for $539,000. Martin owed the Bank nearly $800,000. In 2009, over a year later, the Bank sold the property for $599,000 and sued Martin for the deficiency. Martin sought a damages offset under Property Code § 51.003 based on the value of the property, introducing expert testimony at trial that the property’s fair market value at the time of foreclosure was $850,000. The Bank argued that § 51.003 did not apply because it was not seeking to apply the foreclosure sale price as a credit but instead what the Bank actually received from the property: the 2009 sales price. The trial court agreed, holding § 51.003 inapplicable and crediting Martin $599,000 toward the deficiency.
On appeal, the court held that § 51.003 applies, regardless of the lender’s requested measure of damages, when (1) §51.002 foreclosure sale occurs, (2) the foreclosure sale price is less than the debt, and (3) an action is brought to recover the “deficiency,” or the amount owed on the debt after application of the collateral’s value. The court noted that the lender may not receive the benefit of a § 51.002 foreclosure sale but then “opt out” of § 51.003’s offset to the borrower. Additionally, the price received in the 2009 sale was legally insufficient evidence under § 51.003 because the Bank failed to link that price to the property’s value on the date of foreclosure. The court refused to render judgment based on Martin’s evidence, however, noting that the Bank refuted this value with its own expert testimony but indicating that the 2009 sales price was not evidence of the property’s fair market value at foreclosure.
It should be noted that the court did not hold that a later sales price of property can never be evidence of its fair market value. Rather, it is important for the lender to tie the actual sales price closely to § 51.003’s definition of fair market value, including a showing how it reflects the property’s value on the date of foreclosure.
The court of appeals has reversed the grant of a temporary injunction that prohibited the lender from foreclosing on a pair of properties that secured a $10,000,000 promissory note. After multiple previous foreclosures, a bankruptcy filing, and the voluntary dismissal of the bankruptcy case, the borrower sued to enjoin further foreclosures, claiming that the parties had entered into a binding agreement that limited the lender’s ability to foreclose. The court of appeals rejected that argument, concluding that the testimony of the borrower’s witness at the injunction hearing only demonstrated an agreement to engage in further negotiations following dismissal of the bankruptcy, not any concrete and enforceable contractual terms. The court of appeals also rejected the borrower’s contention that the foreclosures would be wrongful because they would result in less than fair market value being received. That argument, the court held, was only applicable to a deficiency claim after foreclosure, not as grounds to prevent foreclosure itself. The court of appeals therefore dissolved the temporary injunction and remanded the case to the trial court.
Branch Banking & Trust Co. v. TCI Luna Ventures, LLC, No. 05-12-000653-CV
UPDATE: The court has issued a revised opinion in the case, in which it clarifies the standard of review. The outcome remains the same.
The court affirmed a judgment in a forcible detainer action awarding possession of a property purchased at a foreclosure sale to the buyer. The owners of a property defaulted on their promissory note, and the property was sold to FHLMC in foreclosure. FHLMC notified the former owners to vacate twice, the first in three and the second in ninety days, and eventually filed a petition for forcible detainer. After the former owners failed to object to FHLMC’s evidence or present any evidence of their own, FHLMC was awarded judgment. The former owners appealed arguing that the petition insufficiently identified the property and that the notice to vacate was insufficient. The court rejected both arguments, holding that the petition was sufficiently identified the property by including the address of the property and that the evidence of the notices to vacate was sufficient to support the judgment.
The court dismissed an appeal from post-judgment orders following foreclosure proceedings for lack of jurisdiction. After trial, the trial court entered one order denying Knoles’s efforts to avoid a writ of execution and prohibiting him from challenging the writ going forward and a second order sanctioning Knoles’s counsel for actions related to the writ. In a letter brief to the court of appeals, Knoles argued that the orders were appealable final judgments because they adjudicated a new set of facts and followed a conventional trial on the merits. The court rejected this argument, holding that the orders were issued to aid in the enforcement of the underlying unappealed judgment and that Knoles has no standing to appeal the order imposing sanctions against his counsel. Thus, the court had no jurisdiction over the appeal.
The court reversed the trial court’s judgment against Wells Fargo for wrongful foreclosure and breach of contract. When Robinson defaulted on his home equity note, Wells Fargo accelerated the note and filed an application for expedited foreclosure. The court authorized the foreclosure on a certain date, but Wells Fargo proceeded one month late. Robinson sued, contending Well Fargo was not authorized to foreclose on the property because it had not complied with the specific date in the court’s order. The trial court agreed and awarded damages for the difference between the value of the property at foreclosure and the unpaid balance of the note.
On appeal, Wells Fargo challenged the causal connection between the alleged breaches and Robinson’s damages, arguing that the later date of the sale did not cause prejudice or harm. The court agreed that Wells Fargo violated the deed of trust by conducting the foreclosure sale on a different date, but noted that the correct remedy would be to set aside the sale and resulting deed. Because the property at issue was not sold for an inadequate price and Robinson was not otherwise harmed by the delay in the foreclosure sale, there was no injury.
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. as Trustee v. Robinson, No. 05-11-00700-CV
The court affirmed summary judgment in a mortgage foreclosure case against Givens, the mortgagor. Givens defaulted on a Note and Deed of Trust. The lender, MidFirst, noticed Givens of the default through its servicer, Midland. Midland eventually noticed the Note’s acceleration and foreclosure sale through its legal counsel, BD, and filed this notice with the Dallas County Clerk. Givens was provided with a reinstatement opportunity but did not tender the required funds by the deadline, and the property was sold in foreclosure. Givens sued Midland, MidFirst, and BD asserting various claims. The court granted summary judgment for the defendants on each claim.
On appeal, Givens first argued that because the Deed of Trust provides that either the lender or trustee shall give notice of the foreclosure sale, notice from BD was inadequate. The court rejected this argument because the evidence conclusively established that BD acted as legal counsel for Midland, who in turn acted as mortgage servicer for MidFirst, and such notice is adequate under Texas law. The court next rejected Givens’s argument that the recording of notice of the foreclosure sale was inadequate, holding that a party need not record such notice in the permanent deed records, but may do so with the county clerk. Finally, the court held that Givens’s was given adequate opportunity to reinstate the loan.
Givens v. Midland Mortgage Co, et al., 05-11-00524-CV
The court affirmed a summary judgment in favor of the bank in a foreclosure case dealing with the waiver statutory offset rights contained in Chapter 51 of the Texas Property Code. A builder entered construction loan agreement secured by four properties and signed a personal guaranty of the loan, eventually defaulting. The bank foreclosed on and sold the properties and sued the builder for the deficiency. The builder invoked Chapter 51, asking the court to determine the fair market value of the properties for the deficiency calculation rather than the foreclosure sale price. Town North moved for summary judgment arguing that the guaranty included a waiver of his right to claim any deductions or offsets from the amount guaranteed including any right to seek a reduction in the deficiency under section 51.003, which the trial court granted and then entered a judgment on the deficiency.
On appeal, the court cited its opinion in Interstate 35/Chisam Road, L.P. v. Moayedi, No. 05-11-00209-CV, 2012 WL 3125148 (Tex. App.—Dallas Aug. 2, 2012, no pet.) holding that the rights provided by section 51.003 are subject to waiver. It also cited King v. Park Cities Bank, No. 05-11- 00593-CV, 2012 WL 3144881, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas Aug. 3, 2012, no pet. h.) to reject the builder’s argument that language in the guaranty waiving “any defenses given to guarantors at law or in equity other than actual payment and performance of the indebtedness” did not encompass a waiver of section 51.003’s right of offset despite the guaranty’s later reference to a “claim of setoff.” Thus, the court held that the builder waived his rights under section 51.003.
Smith v. Town North Bank, 05-11-00520-CV
Fannie Mae might sound like somebody’s sweet old grandma, but this grandma knows how to get defaulting borrowers out of the property. In this instance, the borrower’s mortgage provided that if the house went into foreclosure, he would have to either surrender possession immediately or he would become a tenant at sufferance. The borrower defaulted, the property was sold at foreclosure, and the buyer sold the property to the Federal National Mortgage Association. Fannie Mae sent notices to vacate by certified and first class mail, then filed a forcible detainer proceeding. Both the justice court and the county court at law (in a de novo appeal) ruled in favor of Fannie Mae, and the court of appeals affirmed. The court held that the tenant at sufferance provision in the mortgage was legally sufficient to establish a landlord-tenant relationship between Fannie Mae and the borrower. The court of appeals also rejected the borrower’s claim that Fannie Mae had failed to prove it had given him notice of the eviction, holding that delivery of the notice was adequately established by testimony that the copy sent by first class mail had not been returned by the postal service. Finally, the court of appeals rejected the borrower’s claim that the forcible detainer proceeding should have been abated in favor of a separate lawsuit he had filed in district court to contest title to the property. Because forcible detainer only determines immediate possession of the property, a separate title contest does not deprive the court of jurisdiction to decide who gets possession of the property in the meantime.
Farkas v. Federal National Mortgage Ass’n a/k/a Fannie Mae, No. 05-11-01416-CV
In a memorandum opinion, the court affirmed the trial court’s judgment in a forcible detainer action. Felix Hornsby executed a promissory note secured by a deed of trust covering the property at issue. After he defaulted on the note, U.S. Bank bought the property at foreclosure sale and conveyed it to the Secretary of Veteran Affairs. The SVA brought this forcible detainer action against Hornsby, and the trial court rendered judgment in favor of the SVA. On appeal, Hornsby argued that the SVA had to show it was entitled to enforce the terms of the deed of trust in order to establish a landlord-tenant relationship between them, but failed to do so. The court held that SVA presented sufficient evidence to show its superior right to possession of the property and that Hornsby’s challenge to the chain of title could not be properly adjudicated in a forcible detainer action.
Hornsby v. Secretary of Veterans Affairs, No. 05-11-01075-CV
In a consolidated appeal, the court affirmed a district court’s summary judgment and a county court at law’s forcible retainer judgment related to the foreclosure sale of the property. The court held that Texas Property Code Section 51.002(b)(2), which requires notice of a foreclosure sale to be filed “in the office of the county clerk of each county in which the property is located,” does not require notice to be recorded in the permanent deed records. The court also rejected the argument in the forcible retainer lawsuit that the mortgage servicer had no authority to sell the property because the only issue in a forcible retainer action is the right to actual possession – not the merits of the title.
Montgomery v. Aurora Loan Services, LLC, No. 09-11836
